Back for books



(ModeL) F. BOWMAN.

f BACK FOR BOOKS. No; 281,657. Patented July-1'7, 1883;.

I Attorn y WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATE T ()FFICE.

FRANK BOWMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

, BACK For: BOOKS.

LPECII ICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,657, dated July17, 1883,

l Application filed September 25.1882. lModel.)

To (all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that. I, FRANK BOWMAN, of Brooklyn, in the county vof Kings,and in the State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Backs for Books andI do hereby declare that thefollowing is a ing the leaves are secured to the back by means of wireor thread, and which are principally employed as invoice and samplebooks, although sometimes it may be used for other purposes, where thebinding together of miscellaneous matters in the book is the objectrequired; and the invention has for its object to provide a neat roundedback, to which the sections may be attached by means of wire or thread,as more fully hereinafter specified, These objects I attain by the meansillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which" Figure 1 representsa perspective View of a portion of a book-back; Fig. 2, 'a transversesection of the same; and Fig. 3, a like View,

having a covering applied to both sides of the back.

The letter Aindicates the book-back, which is constructed of pasteboardor other suitable material scored longitudinally, as at b, so as to forma series of parallel strips, a, of s-uflicient rigidity to properlysupport the sections of paper forming the leaves. The'leaves or sectionsare secured by wires or-staples, as usual, and when the book is openedsuch construction will allow a free spreading out of 40 the leaves, asthe back is free to bend for the purpose.

The back thus formed is provided with a flexible lining of leather,cloth, or other suitable material, whereby flexibility and strength aresecured. 5 Having thus described 'my invention, what I claim, and desireto secure by Letters Patent,

A book-back composed of a strip of pasteboard scored longitudinally andprovided with a covering or binding of flexible material, wherebyflexibility and strength of the back are obtained, substantiallyasspecified.

In testimony whereof Iaffix my signature, in presence of two witnesses,this 16th day of September, 1852.

FRANK BOWMAN.

,Witnesses: i

.SAMUEL 1 BELL,

EDGAR W. Roenns,

